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Viability of a concentrated solar power system in a low sun belt prefecture

Rahul BHATTACHARJEE, Subhadeep BHATTACHARJEE

《能源前沿(英文)》 2020年 第14卷 第4期   页码 850-866 doi: 10.1007/s11708-020-0664-5

摘要: Concentrating solar power (CSP) is considered as a comparatively economical, more efficient, and large capacity type of renewable energy technology. However, CSP generation is found restricted only to high solar radiation belt and installed where high direct normal irradiance is available. This paper examines the viability of the adoption of the CSP system in a low sun belt region with a lower direct normal irradiance (DNI). Various critical analyses and plant economics have been evaluated with a lesser DNI state. The obtained results out of the designed system, subjected to low DNI are not found below par, but comparable to some extent with the performance results of such CSP plants at a higher DNI. The analysis indicates that incorporation of the thermal energy storage reduces the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) and augments the plant capacity factor. The capacity factor, the plant efficiency, and the LCOE are found to be 32.50%, 17.56%, and 0.1952 $/kWh, respectively.

关键词: concentrated solar power     direct normal irradiance     plant performance     plant economics     thermal energy storage    

Nudging sustainable consumption of residential energy use: A behavioral economics perspective

《工程管理前沿(英文)》   页码 540-545 doi: 10.1007/s42524-023-0264-2

摘要: Nudging sustainable consumption of residential energy use: A behavioral economics perspective

关键词: consumption energy use    

节能优先能源战略的经济学讨论

周大地

《中国工程科学》 2011年 第13卷 第6期   页码 11-18

摘要:

从我国面临科学发展和转变经济发展方式迫切需求出发,分析节能降耗的总体经济效益,以探讨实施积极的节能降耗目标的经济合理性。笔者对“十一五”期间节能降耗工作的总体经济效益进行了评估,用数据和事实肯定了“十一五”节能降耗的巨大经济效益;并分析了提高能效对我国“十二五”转变经济发展方式,支持长期可持续经济发展的宏观经济效果及其必要性和合理性。

关键词: 能源战略     节能降耗     节能经济效益     科学发展     经济学    

Economics analysis of food waste treatment in China and its influencing factors

Ting Chen, Yingying Zhao, Xiaopeng Qiu, Xiaoyan Zhu, Xiaojie Liu, Jun Yin, Dongsheng Shen, Huajun Feng

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2021年 第15卷 第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1325-y

摘要: Abstract • Economics of food waste treatment projects at 29 pilot cities in China was examined. • Roles of location, population size, processing technique, and income were studied. • Economic benefits were limited with a profit to cost ratio of 0.08±0.37. • Service population size affects construction economics significantly (P = 0.016). • Choice of food waste processing technique affects operating economics notably. This study examines the economic benefits of food waste treatment projects in China and factors affecting them. National-level pilot projects for food waste treatment located in 29 cities were selected as samples. The economics of food waste recycling from the investors’ perspective, in terms of investment during the construction phase and cost and benefit during the operation phase, was assessed. Results indicate that the average tonnage investment of food waste treatment projects was RMB 700.0±188.9 thousand yuan, with a profit to cost ratio of 0.08±0.37. This ratio increased to 0.95±0.57 following the application of government subsidies. It highlights the limited economic benefits of food waste treatment facilities, which rely on government subsidies to maintain their operations in China. Further analysis using a multi-factor analysis model revealed that regional location, service population size, processing techniques, and urban income exerted varying impacts on the economy of food waste treatment. Population size exerted the highest impact (P = 0.016) during the construction stage, and processing techniques notably influenced the project economy during the operation stage. The study highlights the need to prioritize service population size and processing techniques during economic decision-making and management of food waste recycling projects. The results of this study can serve as a valuable practical reference for guiding future policies regarding food waste treatment and related planning.

关键词: Recycling economics     Cost-benefit     Food waste treatment     Subsidy     Food waste economy     Circular economy    

IN VITRO ACTIVITY OF EXTRACTS OF FIVE MEDICINAL PLANT SPECIES ON PLANT PATHOGENIC FUNGI

《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2021年 第8卷 第4期   页码 635-644 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE -2020343

摘要:

The antifungal effectiveness of extracts of five medicinal plant species was determined. The inhibitory activity of extracts of Eucalyptus tereticornisXanthium sibiricumArtemisia argyiTupistra chinensis and Pyrola calliantha were evaluated against the mycelial growth of the plant pathogenic fungi Aspergillus nigerBotrytis cinerea, Penicillium digitatumP. expansum, P. italicumand Rhizopus stolonifer. All plant extracts were prepared at 60°C using solvents (either water, 50% ethanol (v/v), 95% ethanol (v/v), ethyl acetate or petroleum ether). Fungicidal effects of all plants tested were confirmed. Different extracts from the same plant species gave different degrees of inhibition. All aqueous extracts had weak or no activity on all fungi tested. Ethyl acetate and 95% ethanol extracts from T. chinensis rhizomes gave greater inhibition and a broader spectrum inhibition than the other extracts. T. chinensis may have potential as a new natural fungicide and may be used for the preservation of agricultural and forestry products such as fruits and vegetables.

 

关键词: Botrytis cinerea / food preservation / plant diseases / plant pathogenic fungi / Tupistra chinensis    

Effects of design parameters on rooftop photovoltaic economics in the urban environment: a case study

Hongying ZHAO, Rebecca YANG, Chaohong WANG, W. M. Pabasara U. WIJERATNE, Chengyang LIU, Xiaolong XUE, Nishara ABDEEN

《工程管理前沿(英文)》 2019年 第6卷 第3期   页码 351-367 doi: 10.1007/s42524-019-0023-6

摘要: Many researchers found high potential of adopting building photovoltaic (PV) systems in urban areas, especially on building rooftop, to improve the sustainability of urban environment. However, the optimal energy output performance and economic benefit of the PV system are affected by the usable roof area, PV array layout, and shading effect considering high city density. This study aims to understand the effects of these design parameters in the urban environment of rooftop PV’s economic performance. This study carries out a case study in the urban area of Melbourne with 90 PV designs under three shading conditions to generate 270 scenarios. Through a lifecycle cost-benefit analysis, including net present value (NPV), NPV per kW, internal return rate (IRR), and payback year, the results can help in developing a comprehensive understanding of the economic performance of rooftop PV designs that cover most of the urban areas of Melbourne. The optimal PV design scenarios for the urban environment are identified, thereby providing investors and industry professionals with useful information on value-for-money PV design. Meanwhile, the maximum shading loss that makes the PV systems financially unfeasible is investigated, and design scenarios with greatest ability to sustain the shading effect are identified. This research can also support the policy makers’ decision on the development and deployment of the roof PV systems in urban planning.

关键词: building photovoltaics     tilt and azimuth     orientation     shading analysis     economic analysis    

ACTIVITY OF EXTRACTS OF FIVE MEDICINAL PLANT SPECIES ON PLANT PATHOGENIC FUNGI

Shufeng YAO, Jiali XU, Haibo ZHANG, Hong GAO, Shibin SHANG, Dan WANG

《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2021年 第8卷 第4期   页码 635-644 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2020343

摘要: The antifungal effectiveness of extracts of five medicinal plant species was determined. The inhibitory activity of extracts of , , , and were evaluated against the mycelial growth of the plant pathogenic fungi , , and . All plant extracts were prepared at 60°C using solvents (either water, 50% ethanol ( ), 95% ethanol ( ), ethyl acetate or petroleum ether). Fungicidal effects of all plants tested were confirmed. Different extracts from the same plant species gave different degrees of inhibition. All aqueous extracts had weak or no activity on all fungi tested. Ethyl acetate and 95% ethanol extracts from rhizomes gave greater inhibition and a broader spectrum inhibition than the other extracts. may have potential as a new natural fungicide and may be used for the preservation of agricultural and forestry products such as fruits and vegetables.

关键词: Botrytis cinerea     food preservation     plant diseases     plant pathogenic fungi     Tupistra chinensis    

An introduction to the medicinal plant genome project

Shilin Chen, Li Xiang, Xu Guo, Qiushi Li

《医学前沿(英文)》 2011年 第5卷 第2期   页码 178-184 doi: 10.1007/s11684-011-0131-0

摘要: In recent years, genomics has developed rapidly with the application of next-generation sequencing technology. However, very few studies have been carried out on genomics for medicinal plants. This paper introduces the genome research of medicinal plants, including genome sequencing, assembly, annotation, and functional genomics, to set up the foundation for the development of natural medicines and the selection of cultivars with good agricultural traits. This study places the study on traditional Chinese medicine into the frontier field of life science.

关键词: genomics     medicinal plant     sequencing     application    

HEMIPTERAN-TRANSMITTED PLANT VIRUSES: RESEARCH PROGRESS AND CONTROL STRATEGIES

《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2022年 第9卷 第1期   页码 98-109 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021389

摘要:

About 80% of plant viruses are transmitted by specific insect vectors, especially hemipterans with piercing-sucking mouthparts. Many virus-transmitting insects are also important crop pests that cause considerable losses in crop production. This review summarizes the latest research findings on the interactions between plant viruses and insect vectors and analyzes the key factors affecting insect transmission of plant viruses from the perspectives of insect immunity, insect feeding, and insect symbiotic microorganisms. Additionally, by referring to the latest applications for blocking the transmission of animal viruses, potential control strategies to prevent the transmission of insect-vectored plant viruses using RNAi technology, gene editing technology, and CRISPR/Cas9+ gene-driven technology are discussed.

 

关键词: control strategies / feeding / immunity / insect vector / microorganism / plant virus    

Intelligent diagnosis methods for plant machinery

Huaqing WANG, Peng CHEN, Shuming WANG,

《机械工程前沿(英文)》 2010年 第5卷 第1期   页码 118-124 doi: 10.1007/s11465-009-0084-z

摘要: This paper reports several intelligent diagnostic approaches based on artificial neural network and fuzzy algorithm for plant machinery, such as the diagnosis method using the wavelet transform, rough sets, and fuzzy neural network; the diagnosis method based on the sequential inference and fuzzy neural network; the diagnosis approach by the possibility theory and certainty factor model; and the diagnosis method on the basis of the adaptive filtering technique and fuzzy neural network. These intelligent diagnostic methods have been successfully applied to condition diagnosis in different types of practical plant machinery.

关键词: intelligent diagnosis     neural network     fuzzy algorithm     adaptive filtering     plant machinery    

什么才是做出最佳基础设施投资的依据?经济因素?恢复力?或二者皆是?

David Singleton AM

《工程(英文)》 2018年 第4卷 第2期   页码 180-181 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2018.04.001

Can energy storage make off-grid photovoltaic hydrogen production system more economical?

《工程管理前沿(英文)》   页码 672-694 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0245-x

摘要: Under the ambitious goal of carbon neutralization, photovoltaic (PV)-driven electrolytic hydrogen (PVEH) production is emerging as a promising approach to reduce carbon emission. Considering the intermittence and variability of PV power generation, the deployment of battery energy storage can smoothen the power output. However, the investment cost of battery energy storage is pertinent to non-negligible expenses. Thus, the installation of energy-storage equipment in a PVEH system is a complex trade-off problem. The primary goals of this study are to compare the engineering economics of PVEH systems with and without energy storage, and to explore time nodes when the cost of the former scenario can compete with the latter by factoring the technology learning curve. The levelized cost of hydrogen (LCOH) is a widely used economic indicator. Represented by seven areas in seven regions of China, results show that the LCOH with and without energy storage is approximately 22.23 and 20.59 yuan/kg in 2020, respectively. In addition, as technology costs drop, the LCOH of a PVEH system with energy storage will be less than that without energy storage in 2030.

关键词: hydrogen     off-grid photovoltaic     energy storage     LCOH     engineering economics    

Systems understanding of plant–pathogen interactions through genome-wide protein–protein interaction

Hong LI,Ziding ZHANG

《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2016年 第3卷 第2期   页码 102-112 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2016100

摘要: Plants are frequently affected by pathogen infections. To effectively defend against such infections, two major modes of innate immunity have evolved in plants; pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity and effector-triggered immunity. Although the molecular components as well as the corresponding pathways involved in these two processes have been identified, many aspects of the molecular mechanisms of the plant immune system remain elusive. Recently, the rapid development of omics techniques (e.g., genomics, proteomics and transcriptomics) has provided a great opportunity to explore plant–pathogen interactions from a systems perspective and studies on protein–protein interactions (PPIs) between plants and pathogens have been carried out and characterized at the network level. In this review, we introduce experimental and computational identification methods of PPIs, popular PPI network analysis approaches, and existing bioinformatics resources/tools related to PPIs. Then, we focus on reviewing the progress in genome-wide PPI networks related to plant–pathogen interactions, including pathogen-centric PPI networks, plant-centric PPI networks and interspecies PPI networks between plants and pathogens. We anticipate genome-wide PPI network analysis will provide a clearer understanding of plant–pathogen interactions and will offer some new opportunities for crop protection and improvement.

关键词: plant–pathogen interactions     systems biology     omics     plant immunity     protein–protein interaction     network    

Comparative cost analysis of three different anesthesia methods in gynecological laparoscopic surgery

null

《医学前沿(英文)》 2012年 第6卷 第3期   页码 311-316 doi: 10.1007/s11684-012-0205-7

摘要:

In the current study, we assessed and evaluated the costs and benefits of three popular methods of general anesthesia practiced in our department for gynecological laparoscopic surgery in recent years. Sixty adult female patients who underwent elective gynecological laparoscopic surgery under general anesthesia were randomly divided into three groups: group V, group I and group C. In group V, anesthesia was induced intravenously with midazolam, remifentanil, propofol and vecuronium, and maintained with continuous infusion of propofol and remifentanil. In group I, anesthesia was intravenously induced with midazolam, fentanyl, propofol and vecuronium, and maintained with inhaled isoflurane and intravenous bonus of fentanyl. In group C, anesthesia was induced as in group I, but maintained with isoflurane inhalation combined with propofol-remifentanil infusion. All patients received vecuronium for muscle relaxation. Perioperative incidences of complications and total anesthesia costs for patients in all groups were recorded. In addition, postoperative satisfaction of the patients was also noted, and similar outcomes of the satisfaction were reported in all 60 patients. Although there was no statistical significance among groups, the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting were higher in group C, and the rates of shivering and the needs for analgesics were higher in group V. Anesthesia costs in group I were the lowest. Therefore, it is concluded that the costs of anesthesia induced with midazolam, fentanyl, propofol, vecuronium, and maintained with isoflurane, fentanyl and vecuronium are cheapest, and there is no significant difference in patients’ satisfaction and safety among the three above-mentioned methods of anesthesia in our department.

关键词: general anesthesia     economics     cost    

Causations of failure in megaprojects: A case study of the Ajaokuta Steel Plant project

Oluwole Alfred OLATUNJI

《工程管理前沿(英文)》 2018年 第5卷 第3期   页码 334-346 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2018011

摘要:

This paper uses project organizational theories to draw lessons from a historic megaproject, the Ajaokuta Steel Plant (ASP). Archival reports on the ASP were explored to identify the unique attributes of the project; the political wrangling that underplayed its evolution, its economic significance and organizational impacts. Findings suggest the goals of the ASP project were, and still are, unambiguous. Failure occurred as socio-political forces aggravated the project’s complex milestones. Stakeholders were impatient with pre-project investigations. During planning, owners ignored opinions that were contrary to their expectations. While delays lingered, pressures from the global economy weakened the project’s motivation to succeed. These combined to turn the project’s outcomes into a chaotic situation that triggered dire implications. Despite about 1400% overrun in cost, the success achieved on the plant was 28% at commissioning. Contractors remained on site until eight years after commissioning. Six key elements of the 482 items in the ASP project contract were not delivered nearly 40 years on. A simplistic look at these suggests poor planning is the main problem. However, planning issues is not entirely strange in greenfield projects. The paper draws strength from project organization theories to explain what was poor about the planning. Socrates’ generic management theory was used to explain the role of leadership in the failure of the ASP project. McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y explain the significance of stakeholders’ integration in megaprojects. Systems and chaos theories were used to explain the sensitivity of the ASP project to uncertainties. Narratives on these combine well to inspire stakeholders of megaprojects on where and how to seek courage in making effective plans that can help achieve success in complex projects. While normative literature only recognizes project success in a definitive perspective, this study provides insights from failure as an instrument to trigger sublime reflections.

关键词: industrial projects     megaprojects     Nigeria     project organizational theories     steel plant    

标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Viability of a concentrated solar power system in a low sun belt prefecture

Rahul BHATTACHARJEE, Subhadeep BHATTACHARJEE

期刊论文

Nudging sustainable consumption of residential energy use: A behavioral economics perspective

期刊论文

节能优先能源战略的经济学讨论

周大地

期刊论文

Economics analysis of food waste treatment in China and its influencing factors

Ting Chen, Yingying Zhao, Xiaopeng Qiu, Xiaoyan Zhu, Xiaojie Liu, Jun Yin, Dongsheng Shen, Huajun Feng

期刊论文

IN VITRO ACTIVITY OF EXTRACTS OF FIVE MEDICINAL PLANT SPECIES ON PLANT PATHOGENIC FUNGI

期刊论文

Effects of design parameters on rooftop photovoltaic economics in the urban environment: a case study

Hongying ZHAO, Rebecca YANG, Chaohong WANG, W. M. Pabasara U. WIJERATNE, Chengyang LIU, Xiaolong XUE, Nishara ABDEEN

期刊论文

ACTIVITY OF EXTRACTS OF FIVE MEDICINAL PLANT SPECIES ON PLANT PATHOGENIC FUNGI

Shufeng YAO, Jiali XU, Haibo ZHANG, Hong GAO, Shibin SHANG, Dan WANG

期刊论文

An introduction to the medicinal plant genome project

Shilin Chen, Li Xiang, Xu Guo, Qiushi Li

期刊论文

HEMIPTERAN-TRANSMITTED PLANT VIRUSES: RESEARCH PROGRESS AND CONTROL STRATEGIES

期刊论文

Intelligent diagnosis methods for plant machinery

Huaqing WANG, Peng CHEN, Shuming WANG,

期刊论文

什么才是做出最佳基础设施投资的依据?经济因素?恢复力?或二者皆是?

David Singleton AM

期刊论文

Can energy storage make off-grid photovoltaic hydrogen production system more economical?

期刊论文

Systems understanding of plant–pathogen interactions through genome-wide protein–protein interaction

Hong LI,Ziding ZHANG

期刊论文

Comparative cost analysis of three different anesthesia methods in gynecological laparoscopic surgery

null

期刊论文

Causations of failure in megaprojects: A case study of the Ajaokuta Steel Plant project

Oluwole Alfred OLATUNJI

期刊论文